Zerkalin Solution (1%) for Topical Use – 30 ml Bottle

Pharmacodynamics

Clindamycin is a semi-synthetic derivative of lincomycin, an antibiotic derived from the culture of Streptomyces lincolensis. It has bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, depending on its concentration at the site of action and the susceptibility of microorganisms. Clindamycin inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, interrupting the early stages of protein synthesis.

The spectrum of clindamycin's activity, both in vitro and in vivo, covers most gram-positive bacteria, most anaerobic pathogens, and some protozoa. The drug is ineffective against Enterobacteriaceae, fungi, and viruses.

When topically applied, a 1% solution of clindamycin hydrochloride suppresses the growth of sensitive bacteria, particularly the anaerobes Propionibacterium acnes, found in sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Additionally, it reduces the concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) in sebum. This decrease in FFA levels is a result of indirect inhibition of microorganisms producing lipase, which is necessary to convert triglycerides to FFAs, or direct inhibition of lipase production by the microorganisms.

Besides lipases, Propionibacterium acnes produces proteases, hyaluronidases, and chemotactic factors, which, along with the comedogenic FFAs, contribute to the development of inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, nodules, cysts) in acne vulgaris. Therefore, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions of clindamycin (including leukocyte chemotaxis inhibition) are essential for its effectiveness in treating acne.

Pharmacokinetics

In a specially designed model of human skin in vitro, after application of clindamycin hydrochloride (labeled with a radioisotope), nearly 10% of the dose is absorbed through the stratum corneum. Clindamycin penetrates well into inflammatory lesions after topical application. The bioavailability of clindamycin after topical application is approximately 7.5%.

Indications
Treatment of acne vulgaris.

Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any of the excipients in the formulation, as well as those with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or antibiotic-associated colitis.

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